Barbiturates

Barbiturates are useful as an anti-anxiety medication and sleep aid, but their addiction potential can cause some adverse side effects, including overdose.

There have been several high-profile deaths linked to barbiturate use including actress Judy Garland and musician Jimi Hendrix. Long-term barbiturate use can lead to dependence and overdose, but the drug also has abuse potential.

Barbiturates can cause intoxication, similar to alcohol. Finally, unlike other drugs, they can even be dangerous during withdrawal.

Learn more about barbiturate addiction and why this drug has all but been replaced by alternative sleep saids.

What Are Barbiturates?

Barbiturates are in the class of psychoactive substances known as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, along with benzodiazepines and alcohol. They work by affecting a naturally occurring chemical in the brain called gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA).

This chemical is responsible for a number of important functions in the brain, especially controlling excitability in the CNS. This means that GABA slows you down, relaxes your muscles, eases your anxieties, and helps you sleep.

In some cases, people with anxiety disorders or sleep disorders can have a chemical imbalance that creates too much excitability in the brain.

Barbiturates can help by increasing the efficiency of GABA, allowing it to induce sleep and relaxation effectively.

However, the problem is that the brain quickly adapts to the presence of barbiturates. If you use them regularly for too long,  they can make anxiety and sleep problems worse. Your brain may stop producing its inhibitory chemical, relying primarily on barbiturates. Plus, your brain may also start producing excitatory chemicals to counteract the barbiturates and rebalance brain chemistry.

By the 1960s, the American public grew increasingly aware of the dependence and overdose potential of barbiturates. Soon, benzodiazepines, another CNS depressant, started to grow in popularity.

By the 1970s, benzodiazepines were the most popular prescription in the world and had all but completely replaced barbiturates. Today, barbiturates are still used, but they are usually only prescribed as an anticonvulsant to help with seizures.

Types of Barbiturates

The following are barbiturates that still retain medical use:

Your brain is producing chemicals to counteract the drug and diminishing its effects.

Signs of Barbiturate Withdrawal

The next sign is physical dependence. If you stop using the drug and start to feel withdrawal symptoms like, anxiety, panic, insomnia, tremors, shakiness, aggression, or irritability, it can mean that you’ve become dependent.

Other symptoms associated with barbiturates are hallucinations, thoughts of suicide, and restlessness.

Signs of Barbiturate Addiction

If you are worried about a friend or family member that’s been using barbiturates or any other CNS depressant, there are some observable signs that can point to potential addiction:

If you believe that you, or a loved one, might be struggling with barbiturate addiction or dependence, it’s important to call your doctor as soon as possible. Quitting cold turkey can be potentially dangerous. Barbiturate withdrawal symptoms can cause serious medical complications that can sometimes be fatal.

What Is Involved in Barbiturate Addiction Treatment?

Since barbiturate withdrawal symptoms can be potentially life-threatening, treatment usually starts with medical detox. Also called medically managed inpatient service, medical detox represents the highest level of care in addiction treatment. It involves 24 hours of treatment from medical professionals who will help to ease your symptoms as you detox. They will also ensure that you go through detox safely, avoiding any complications. The extra supervision will help keep you from relapsing during drug cravings. Medical detox may also be appropriate if you have other co-occurring medical conditions that need immediate care.

If barbiturate use has turned into an addiction, it may not stop after you go through detox. If you have cravings and compulsions to use barbiturates again, you may need to go through continued addiction treatment. After detox, clinicians can help you find the next level of care that’s appropriate for your needs. There are three major levels of care after detox, including:

In addiction treatment, you will help your therapist and clinicians create a personalized treatment plan that addresses your individual needs. The plan may involve a variety of therapies that are designed to address any underlying mental health issues, learn coping strategies to handle triggers, and relapse prevention techniques.

How Dangerous are Barbiturates?

Barbiturates can cause intoxication, drowsiness, sedation, and other symptoms similar to alcohol use. These can be dangerous, especially when used before driving or operating heavy machinery. Side effects may be worse for older people.

As people get older, it becomes harder for the body to process and eliminate barbiturates, which can lead to more intense effects. This can cause accidents like slip and fall accidents that are especially dangerous for older people.

Barbiturates can cause fatal overdoses, where the nervous system is suppressed to the point where a person stops breathing. Deadly side effects are more likely to occur if you combine barbiturates with another depressant like alcohol or opioid pain relievers.

According to MedlinePlus.gov, the following are symptoms of barbiturate overdose:

Finally, barbiturates are especially dangerous when you stop them using cold turkey, after developing a chemical dependence. Suddenly stopping barbiturate use can cause nervous system overactivity, which leads to symptoms like seizures and delirium, which can be fatal without medical care.

Barbiturate Abuse Statistics

• Eleven percent of men and 23 percent of women commit suicide after long-term use of barbiturates. In many cases, alcohol was also involved.
• One in 10 people that overdose on barbiturates experiences fatal medical complications.
• Nineteen million prescriptions are still written every year.

Start Your Journey to Recovery Today

If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction to barbiturates or another CNS depressant, help is available that can lead you to lasting recovery. It important to seek medical detox as soon as possible, because withdrawal symptoms can sometimes be fatal. While addiction is a chronic disease with no known cure, it can be treated with evidence-based practices at a results-driven treatment center. Call the addiction specialists at Arete Recovery to learn more about the treatment options that are available to you. The first step toward a life free from active addiction may just be a call away or email us.